Outdoor Solar Lighting Basics
Outdoor solar lighting uses the same process to generate power as the solar panels on your roof
(or that you could install on your roof, if you chose to). Basically, it uses photovoltaic (PV) cells, which
collect and convert solar energy into electricity.
The PV cells use semiconductors to absorb the sun's light, which interacts with the silicon and other elements
to create electricity. The electricity flows through wires which power the battery, which in turn powers the light.
This is an extremely simplified explanation, but it will give you the general idea of how solar cells work. They
can only create electricity from direct sunlight, which is why solar lighting needs a battery in order to be able
to light up the night.

In order for the batteries to retain a continuous charge, the
solar light fixture must be in a location that receives full sunlight for most of the day. If it only receives
partial sun, because it's blocked by trees or another building, or because your region has lots of cloudy
weather, the batteries will run down sooner, and your fixture will provide light for a shorter amount of
time.
Most outdoor solar lighting fixtures have a backup power system which uses rechargeable batteries. Solar lighting fixtures which use a low amount of electricity often use small AA Ni-Cad
or NiMh batteries. But more powerful solar lighting fixtures (like flood lights) use a sealed lead acid
battery.

Photo sensors that automatically measure light levels (like the kind that tells your camera when to use its
flash) are built into the solar light fixtures. They monitor light levels and turn the fixture off at dawn and on
at dusk. But make sure there are no artificial light sources (like a street light or flood light) that may give a
false reading and prevent the light from turning on.
Outdoor solar lighting usually uses LED bulbs. They use less power than incandescent bulbs and , with a lifespan
of about 20 years, are much longer-lasting. Until recently, solar lighting overall has not been as bright as
lighting powered directly by direct current electricity. But the newest super bright LEDs can now illuminate as
well as halogen bulbs. More info on solar LED lights
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